Merrill Swain is a Professor in the Department of Curriculum, Teaching and Learning at the Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto. She is known for her work on French immersion in Canadian education, which led to her formulation of the influential Output Hypothesis, as well as for a groundbreaking application of the notion of communicative competence to second language learning. Recent work has focused on sociocultural approaches to second language learning, including languaging and collaborative dialogue.
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