The concept of conditioning was developed by Pavlov in animal experiments. An unconditioned stimulus (food), which is associated with an unconditioned response (salivation), is presented by the experimenter with a conditioned stimulus (bell), which eventually produces a conditioned response (salivation in response to bell). This type of stimulus-response controls only involuntary behaviour, involving reflexes or emotions. It formed the focus of early behaviorist research on humans by John Watson.
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