Researchers and theorists working in different frameworks conceive of thinking in different ways.  We can view thinking as information processing, as networks of neural reactions, and as deriving from socio-cognitive interactional patterns.

In the Handbook of Research for Educational Communications and Technology, these different approaches are summarised very simply in the following way:

• the mind as machine
• the mind as brain, and
• the mind as rhizome (referring to a tangled mass of interconnected roots).
   

Mind as computer	Mind as brain	Mind as rhizome (= mass of roots)

In which category would you place the work of the following authors?

David Rumelhart        Alan Newell         Jay McLelland            Lev Vygotsky           Mikhail Bakhtin       Herb Simon
 

ANSWERS